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Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. 2005. Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) 10. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. An Qingxu was then killed by a subordinate, general Shi Siming, who soon afterwards recaptured the city of Luoyang. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. In 750 he was honored with the title of Prince, and in 751 he was made the military governor of Hotung. In the spring of 755, matters were coming to a head. An Lushan Rebellion. Finally, in 763, after Luoyang was taken by the Tang forces for the second time, Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, ending the eight-year-long rebellion. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan (Soon, due to accusations of the eunuch Bian Lingcheng (), Emperor Xuanzong executed Feng and Gao, and replaced Gao with Geshu Han.) Estimates vary, but the Taiping Rebellion is believed to have claimed between 20 million and 70 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. 343 BC290 BC. Chinese territory increased enormously and the Chinese territory increased enormously and the Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. Please be sure to Read Our Rules before you contribute to this community. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). [35], Later that year, when Emperor Xuanzong, seeing that both An Lushan and An Sishun (who by this point was the military governor of Shuofang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia)) had poor relations with Geshu Han, the military governor of Hexi (, headquartered in modern Wuwei, Gansu) and Longxi (, headquartered in modern Haidong prefecture, Qinghai) Circuits, and wanted to improve relations between these three key border troop commanders, he summoned all three to the capital and had the powerful eunuch Gao Lishi host a feast for the three of them, trying to get them to resolve their unpleasantries. In total, across more than a century of warfare the Mongols are believed to have been directly responsible for the deaths of 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 people, in addition to displacing hundreds of millions and indirectly causing the calamitous Black Plague in Europe. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. "Qidan boxing shi (History of the rise of the Khitan)". Xuanzong accepted An's request despite opposition from chancellors Yang Guozhong and Wei Jiansu, who took An's request as a sign of impending rebellion. 1978. Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? The Tang dynasty began with the victorious The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. A series of natural disasters, including drought, severe storms and floods, which caused terrible suffering among the Chinese people, were perceived as signs that Heaven was displeased with the conduct of the Emperor. Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known The final death toll was staggering. Oh god why would you go between percent and fractions in the same sentence describing the same thing. Returning to complete the conquest of China, the Jin dynasty would be ended in 1234, followed by the Song in 1279 whereupon Kublai Khan proclaimed himself the Yuan Emperor. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. WebSamnite Wars. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. An Lushan Rebellion. Let us debunk myths, examine the legends of the past, and explore the innovations which have transformed our lives. There were many occasions when a major change could have Although not even close to the longest war in history, the consequences of World War II were both lasting and devastating. The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin [32] Also in 747, An Lushan was given the honorary title as chief deputy imperial censor (, Ysh Df), and Lady Duan, now described as his wife, although Lady Kang was still alive, was created a lady.[16]. Zhong, Han. 1976. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. The An Lushan rebellion was one of them. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. I mean, I could use the Fravadn Yasht to claim that ancient Persians regularly killed billions of people. Some Tang officials north of the Yellow River resisted An Lushan under the leadership of Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Pingyuan Commandery (, roughly modern Dezhou, Shandong). The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. All Rights Reserved. Li Xianzhong was afraid of An; when An ordered Li to attack the Khitan, Li rebelled, thus putting a halt to An's campaign. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. The war had few set battles, but this did not stop the Dungan Revolt from becoming one of historys most genocidal conflicts. By 1877, in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, two million Hui Muslims were dead while roughly six million Han had also been killed. These deaths represented almost 50 percent of the entire population of the three provinces. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. An Lushan Rebellion. His actions led to two princesses of the royal clan, who were married to Khitan and Xi leaders as part of the heqin policy, being executed in retaliation,[33] and both groups rebelled in 745, though An defeated them. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Twitchett, Denis Crispin, and John King Fairbank. An Lushan Rebellion. He subsequently had Shi defend against the Khitan counterattack, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan. Press J to jump to the feed. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Declaring a new dynasty in 1661, the Kangxi Emperor claimed the throne and, finally, in 1683, after decades of war, the Qing emerged triumphant. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. This event is also Thanks. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence and was eventually made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). 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