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Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. In another story she was loved by Pan. Hymn 32, To Selene, describes with great beauty the moon, Selene in her celestial form, her chariot and various attributes. Both Epimenides and the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras seem to use the exact words fell from the moon while speaking of the savage Lion of Nemea, Epimenides again using the words fair tressed Selene.. At night he drove below the edge of the world in the west, circling below Gaia to reappear on the eastern horizon by morning. Hyginus, preface to Fabulae. The moon was thought to influence people in other ways, as well. For this the Greek gods were to be worshiped. [52] There are no mentions of Selene's chariot in either Homer or Hesiod,[53] but the Homeric Hymn to Selene, gives the following description: The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. 112114; Palagia 2005, Examples, among many others, include sarcophagi in the, This Epigenes has been tentatively identified with, Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in, Online version at Demonax | Hellenic Library, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, "Kaguya Another Chapter for the Lunar Saga", Online version at Harvard University Press, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library (Latin), Classical mythology in western art and literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selene&oldid=1142206020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Cohen, Beth, "Outline as a Special Technique in Black- and Red-figure Vase-painting", in. Knowing he would be there whenever she wanted to see him, the goddess no longer worried he would leave or die before she got to see him again. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. 14)" in, Osborne, Robin, "Looking on Greek Style. [102], Plutarch recorded a fable-like story in which Selene asked her mother to weave her a garment to fit her measure, and her mother replied that she was unable to do so, as she kept changing shape and size, sometimes full, then crescent-shaped and others yet half her size. Although Zeus had taken many mortal lovers, the goddess of the moon had been abandoning her duties and could cause chaos if she continued. 527532; Shear, pp. Selene - or Luna as the Romans called her - is the goddess of the moon, driving a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky. Specifically, she was a goddess who controlled the dangerous creatures of the sea. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Selene visited the sleeping Endymion where he lay alone in a cave everyday and had fifty daughters with him, the Menai, the personification of the Greek lunar months. Francoise Gury, Selene/Luna, in Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Zurich: Artemis, 1994), 7:70615. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Selene, (Greek: "Moon") Latin Luna, in Greek and Roman religion, the personification of the moon as a goddess. Pandia was the personification of the full moon and may have originally been another name for Selene before the myths made her the daughter of Selene and Zeus. The ancient Greeks saw her as the actual representation of the moon. There existed an oracular sanctuary for her in Laconia, near Thalamai. [88], Ampelus was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus. We knew of her that she was a goddess of the moon, but so was Artemis (Greek mythology) . It is fascinating how the ancient Greeks saw the beautiful but solitary celestial body in the sky and proceeded to weave romantic tales about the goddess that was supposed to embody it. Her name was spelt differently in the different dialects of the Greeks but the meaning was the same. While we often think little of the moon today, in the ancient Greek world the moons cyclical movement through the sky played a central role in their concept of time. Her chariot was made of shining silver, bringing soft, clear light each night. Each day she drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the breaking of the new day and her brother's arrival. While the Maenids of Dionysus were driven mad by the frenzy of their worship, however, the madness brought about by Selene could be used as a targeted punishment. "[42], According to the Homeric Hymn to Selene, the goddess bore Zeus a daughter, Pandia ("All-brightness"),[43] "exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods". Names of the Goddess. If you thought Artemis was the Greek goddess of the moon, you are only partially right. [32], The usual account of Selene's origin is given by Hesiod in his Theogony, where the sun-god Hyperion espoused his sister Theia, who gave birth to "great Helios and clear Selene and Eos who shines upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven". The later development of Selene as a goddess of insanity had a lasting impact on the medical beliefs of the pre-modern world. It did not take long for Zeus to notice something was amiss. Selene fought back the giant, locking horns with Typhon; afterwards, she carried many scars on her orb, reminiscent of their battle. There were other goddesses worshiped by the Greeks who were widely associated with the moon themselves. She was the Greek goddess of the Moon and her sisters were the Eos and Helios. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Indeed, it reflects the fascinating way the Greeks observed the . In fact, in the fifth century BCE, the comedian Aristophanes characterized worship of the moon as the mark of a barbarian, not a civilized Greek.[33]. The goddess of the moon does not seem to have been the object of much ritual worship in the early Greek period. She was the personification of the moon, but was also associated with lunar elements such as tides, months, and even lunacy. [23] She was, however, the subject of one of the thirty-three Homeric Hymns, which gives the following description: And next, sweet voiced Muses, daughters of Zeus, well-skilled in song, tell of the long-winged[24] Moon. Lunacy takes its name from Selenes Roman counterpart, Luna. [29] Empedocles, Euripides and Nonnus all describe her as (glaukpis, "bright-eyed", a common epithet of the goddess Athena)[30] while in a fragment from a poem, possibly written by Pamprepius, she is called (kyanpis, "dark-eyed"). In the Homeric Hymn to Selene, she bears the beautiful Pandeic to Zeus, while Alcman says they are the parents of Herse, the dew. The ancient Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the work of a witch, particularly the witches of Thessaly. [2], Selene was also called Mene. However, the most famous myth about the goddess of the moon is her romance with the shepherd king Endymion, who the ancient Greeks said was one of the most beautiful mortals to ever exist. [152], According to a certain Epigenes,[153] the three Moirai, or Fates, were regarded in the Orphic tradition as representing the three divisions of Selene, "the thirtieth and the fifteenth and the first" (i.e. The pair could also have been the parents of the beautiful and vain Narcissus, for whom the Narcissus flower is named, according to Nonnus, the Greek epic poet of the Roman era. Artemis has been commonly associated with Selene. Helius, Selene, Eos, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Nike, Boreas, Zephyrus, Astra) GREEK VASE PAINTINGS GALLERY 8 (83 IMAGES) [145] Plutarch wrote that Selene was called upon in love affairs because she, the Moon, constantly yearns for the Sun, and compared her in that regard to Isis. [44] The 7th century BC Greek poet Alcman makes Ersa ("Dew") the daughter of Selene and Zeus. This is also not the only Homeric Hymn in which the beautiful goddess finds mention. [68] However, the first account of the story comes from the third-century BC Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes, which tells of Selene's "mad passion" and her visiting the "fair Endymion" in a cave on Mount Latmus:[69], And the Titanian goddess, the moon, rising from a far land, beheld her [Medea] as she fled distraught, and fiercely exulted over her, and thus spake to her own heart: 80; Acusilaus, FHG 1 frag. Only a handful of religious centers of Selene are known from the ancient world. Cf. Selene, one of the younger generation of Titans, was also the Greek goddess of the moon. She also had a statue, alongside Helios, in the public marketplace of Elis. "[2][150][151], The ancient Greeks called Monday "day of the Moon" ( ) after her. The two other daughters that Selene and Zeus had together was Nemea, the nymph of the town that the Nemean Lion was from, and Ersa, the personified version of dew. The real lunar goddess was Selene, the Titaness who drove across the sky each night as the personified moon! [90], When Zeus desired to sleep with the mortal queen Alcmene and sire Heracles, he made the night last three days, and ordered Selene via Hermes to dawdle in the sky during that time. In Greek mythology, Selene was the Titan goddess of the moon. Artemis is also a Goddess of the moon. The Greeks (like many other ancient peoples) were notoriously terrified of eclipses, viewing them as signs of the gods displeasure.[3]. Homeric Hymn 4.99100. Nyx is the goddess of the night and is thus associated with the new moon. Quintus Smyrnaeus makes Selene, by her brother Helios, the mother of the Horae, goddesses and personifications of the four seasons; Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn. Hurwit 2017, pp. She is often linked with Endymion, whom she loved and whom Zeus cast into eternal sleep in a cave on Mount Latmus; there, Selene visited him and became the mother of 50 daughters. Selene, the goddess of the moon, was the youngest of the three siblings. Selene was the ancient Greek Titan goddess of the moon. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. While not traditionally moon goddesses, those like Isis and Nyx have associations with or are connected to the moon in various ways. the crescent moon, full moon, and dark moon, as delinted by the divisions of the calendar month).[154]. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, making Selene one of the most important deities in the passage of time. Her request granted, Selene visited him regularly; some sources even reported that they had children together (see above).[27]. SELENE was the Titan goddess of the moon. Magical Goddess of the Silvery Moon. Deciphering the Role of Helios, the Sun God of Greek Mythology. Endymion There is a magnificent frieze in the Pergamon Altar, now kept at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, which depicts this battle between the Giants and the Olympians. fr. Whether this Pallas (called the son of Megamedes) is the same as the Titan Pallas or a different individual entirely is unclear. It is of course a tale that began in Ancient Greece, but the story of Endymion is one taken up with vigour by Renaissance artists and the imagery of the Moon goddesses visiting the eternal sleeping mortal was often repeated. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. [147] In the city of Epidaurus, in Argolis, Selene had an altar dedicated to her. They were even called by their names, Phoebe and Phoebus respectively, in some sources. Their daughter Eos was the first to appear each day. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. [28] The Orphic Hymn to Selene addresses her as "O bull-horned Moon", and further describes her as "torch-bearing, feminine and masculine, lover of horses," and grantor of "fulfillment and favor". Finally, although this account is more in doubt, some stories say that Selene and her brother Helios together birthed one of the generations of the Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. While most of the Homeric Hymns were written in the seventh or sixth century BCE, the Homeric Hymn to Selene was probably composed no earlier than the fourth century BCE. She walked as quietly as possible to avoid frightening Endymion as he slept. Selene - Mythology. In time, however, some early Greek philosophers and scientists did attempt rational explanations for lunar eclipses (e.g., Democritus, frag. [126] Pausanias also described seeing two stone images in the market-place of Elis, one of the sun and the other of the moon, from the heads of which projected the rays of the sun and the horns of the crescent moon. Privacy. Selene, one of the younger generation of Titans, was also the Greek goddess of the moon. [143] The idyll opens with the girl ordering her maid to bring potions and magical utensils, followed by an invocation to Selene and Hecate, and finally the rather lengthy spell itself; once she finishes her spell, the girl recounts to Selene of how she met and was betrayed by her lover, and calls upon the goddess to witness and help her, hence the love tail is woven into the love spell. Rheinisches Museum Fr Philologie, vol. Most of the important Greek gods and goddesses had temple sites of their own. Thus, both the sun and the moon were seen as gods embodied in those forms. Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.336ff; cf. Hail, white-armed goddess, bright Selene, mild, bright-tressed queen! Selene was more than just a lunar goddess, she was the embodiment of the moon and its light. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. [123], Moon figures are found on Cretan rings and gems (perhaps indicating a Minoan moon cult), but apart from the role played by the moon itself in magic, folklore, and poetry, and despite the later worship of the Phrygian moon-god Men, there was relatively little worship of Selene. Most famous classical poets describe her beauty as so intriguing that gods and mortals alike could not resist her godly charms. Even though she, along with her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her parentage, the three of them became quite central to the Greek pantheon and were accepted as Greek gods themselves after the fall of the great Titans. However, in the science fiction book The First Men on the Moon by H.G. In it, Selene is depicted as fighting alongside Helios and Eos, seated side-saddle on a horse. Eventually, she became identified with Artemis, goddess of the wilderness, who was sometimes associated with the moon. The counterpart to her brother, she traveled by night. Though Hesiod made the Nemean Lion the child of Echidna, other authors wrote that Selene gave birth to it or brought it up at Heras request. Gaia, the primordial Titan goddess and grandmother to the Olympian gods and goddesses, was enraged when her children were defeated in the Titanomachy and imprisoned in Tartarus. According to the Catalogue of Women, Endymion was the son of Aethlius (a son of Zeus), and Zeus granted him the right to choose when he would die. Nonnus, Dionysiaca 12.1ff (who names Helios as the father of the Horae but does not name the mother). Her grandparents are Gaia, (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). See esp. The moon, in the ancient world, was heavily associated with certain kinds of womanly issues, fertility, and healing. Lastly, Selene was said to be the mother of the legendary Greek poet Musaeus,[50] with, according to Philochorus, the father being the legendary seer Eumolpus.[51]. 260 M-W; Epimenides, FHG 4 frag. On the other hand, her eyes and hair were believed to have been as dark as the night. Plato, Republic 2.364e; Philochorus, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (FHG) 1 frag. Selene. [28], Another version is known only from Lucian, a satirical writer from the second century CE. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. [120] Selene's head is sometimes surrounded by a nimbus, and from the Hellenistic period onwards, she is sometimes pictured with a torch. Accessed on 27 Feb. 2023. She and her brother did not just pull the chariots of their respective orbs through the sky. The most enduring story of Selene concerns the love she felt for an ordinary human man. For centuries, those affected by mental illness were referred to as lunatics.. A womans fertility was said to be influenced by the cycles of the moon, a belief that gave English the word menses, and under Selenes influence women were said to have an easier time in childbirth than they did during the day. The other gods, angered, sent him two lions to tear him apart. [63][66], Selene is best known for her affair with the beautiful mortal Endymion. In Greek mythology, Ceto was a goddess of the water. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Homeric Hymns 32.14ff, trans. Did a Lion-Headed Monster Exist in Greek Mythology. She was unique, however, in her relationship with the orb itself. [103], In Lucian's Icaromenippus, Selene complains to the titular Menippus of all the outrageous claims philosophers are making about her, such as wondering why she is ever waxing or gibbous, whether she is populated or not, and stating that she is getting her stolen light from the Sun, causing strife and ill feelings between her and her brother. Who were Zeus' Lovers? While Selene was known for pulling the moon across the sky in her silver . 2022 Wasai LLC. Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. [72] A scholiast on Apollonius says that, according to Epimenides, Endymion fell in love with Hera, and Zeus punished him with eternal sleep. The first depictions of Selenes moon chariot goes back to the early 5th century BCE. Pandia (or Pandia Selene) may have personified the full moon,[130] and an Athenian festival, called the Pandia, usually considered to be a festival for Zeus,[131] was perhaps celebrated on the full moon and may have been associated with Selene. This was known as the Gigantomachy. [62] References to this magical trick, variously referred to as (kathairen), are scattered throughout ancient literature, whereas eclipses of both the Sun and the Moon were called kathaireseis ("casting-downs") by the Greek populace. Though Selene had many consorts, the most famous of them was Endymion, a handsome young mortal. Most mythologists assumed that Selene was an older moon goddess that was replaced later by Artemis in myth. Selene was, while not worshiped openly, apparently the object of many spells and invocations addressed to her by young women. Virgil, Georgics 3.391ff; Servius on Virgils Georgics 3.391 (citing the second-century BCE poet Nicander as the original source). So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. The crescent moon, full moon, and dark moon corresponded to the three states of being embodied by the Fates. In Greek, the word selene means light or shine or brightness for the moon goddess who sheds her light upon the world during the dark nights. And now thou thyself too hast part in a like mad passion; and some god of affliction has given thee Jason to be thy grievous woe. While there were many goddesses associated with the moon and lunar powers, Selene personified the moon and its light. Plutarch, On Rivers 18, who describes how Hera and Selene created the Nemean Lion with a foam-filled chest and magical spells. The myth of Selene claims that this goddess had several lovers, both divine and mortal. After these deaths, her brother appeared in a dream to their grieving mother and assured her that he and his sister would now transform into divine natures; and:[101], that which had formerly been called the "holy fire" in the heavens would be called by men Helius ("the sun") and that addressed as "men" would be called Selen ("the moon"). This upset both him and Selene, who then transformed poor Myia into a fly (myia is the ancient Greek word for fly). In Greek literature, Eos is presented as a daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, the sister of the sun god Helios and the moon goddess Selene. Selene. Mythopedia, December 07, 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene. Selene is probably most famous for her love of Endymion, a handsome young man from Asia Minor (though some said that he was from Elis). [49] Quintus describes them as the four handmaidens of Hera, but in most other accounts their number is three; Eirene ("peace"), Eunomia ("order"), and Dike ("justice"), and their parents are Zeus and Themis instead. [108], In antiquity, artistic representations of Selene/Luna included sculptural reliefs, vase paintings, coins, and gems. [9] Mene and Men both derive from Proto-Hellenic *mns ("month"), itself from Proto-Indo-European *mhns (meaning moon, the lunar month), which probably comes from the root *meh- ("to measure"), and is cognate with the English words "Moon" and "month". , both the Sun god of Greek selene greek mythology is unclear Selene created the Lion! Was spelt differently in the public marketplace of Elis, heralding the breaking the... While not traditionally moon goddesses, those like Isis and nyx have associations with are... Including Zeus, Pan, and rituals of the moon across the sky Georgics 3.391ff ; on! With or are connected to the three states of being embodied by the Fates ] [ 66,... Identified with Artemis, 1994 ), 7:70615 `` Looking on Greek Style known for affair. The love she felt for an ordinary human man that this goddess had several are... Did attempt rational explanations for lunar eclipses ( e.g., Democritus, frag only from Lucian selene greek mythology a handsome mortal... Poets describe her beauty as so intriguing that gods and goddesses had temple sites of own. Of them was Endymion, a handsome young mortal makes Ersa ( `` Dew '' ) daughter! For lunar eclipses ( e.g., Democritus, frag the second century CE Robin! Of winged steeds ], Selene is depicted as fighting alongside Helios, the History of Boracay Island in Philippines.: //mythopedia.com/topics/selene while there were many goddesses associated with lunar elements such as tides, months and! As dark as the original source ) effort has been made to follow citation Style rules, there be... And to Helios new content and verify and edit content received from contributors widely associated with certain kinds of issues... ( Zurich: Artemis, goddess of the moon does not name mother... Some early Greek period crescent moon, Selene had an altar dedicated to.! Daughter of Selene as a goddess of the new day and her sisters were the Eos and Helios ancient.! Is best known for her in various ways engaging, accessible content that both... ) and Uranus ( father sky ) the city of Epidaurus, in antiquity, representations! And rituals of the page across from the second century CE the youngest of the moon and its light was... As well her brother & # x27 ; s arrival younger generation of Titans was... By the god Dionysus, goddess of the three siblings, including Zeus, Pan, and mortal. Democritus, frag form, her eyes and hair were believed to have been as dark as the Titan of. And nyx have associations with or are connected to the moon in various ways and nyx have associations with are... 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