Well occasionally send you account related emails. Note: In practice, you will want to make a function within your lib/__mocks__/db.js file to reset the fake users array back to its original form. Mocking is a fundamental skill in testing. I want to spyOn method, return value, and continue running through the script. async function. Another point to note here is, that the percent calculator is also done on the display level with the returned probabilityand for ease, styles are applied inline like the 1 px borderon the flag image. The userEventfunction imported next is used to click the button used in the tests that will be added in a later section. I hope you found this post useful, and that you can start using these techniques in your own tests! With the help of the done callback, this test case fails as expected. See Running the examples to get set up, then run: npm test src/beforeeach-clearallmocks.test.js. With this example, we want to test the exposed fetchPlaylistsData function in playlistsService.js. This is where you can use toHaveBeenCalled or toHaveBeenCalledWith to see if it was called. Unit test cases are typically automated tests written and run by developers. Therefore, the expect statement in the then and catch methods gets a chance to execute the callback. However, the console.error will be executed, polluting the test output. Here, axios is used as an example for manual mock. If the above function returns a promise, Jest waits for that promise to resolve before running tests. As you can see, the fetchPlaylistsData function makes a function call from another service. We require this at the top of our spec file: Were going to use the promisedData object in conjunction with spyOn. We will also create a testData.js file in that directory, so that we can use fake data instead of calling an API in our tests. Consequently, it is time to check if the form has been rendered correctly. When you have code that runs asynchronously, Jest needs to know when the code it is testing has completed, before it can move on to another test. Notice here the implementation is still the same mockFetch file used with Jest spyOn. That document was last updated 8 months ago, and the commit history doesn't seem to suggest that the document was changed since the migration to modern timers. A:By TypeScripts nature, passing an invalid type as an argument to function A will throw a compile error because the expected and actual argument types are incompatible. That concludes this tutorial on how to mock asynchronous methods when testing your code with Jest. Next the first basic test to validate the form renders correctly will be elaborated. Have a question about this project? Here's what it would look like to mock global.fetch by replacing it entirely. Yes, you're on the right track.the issue is that closeModal is asynchronous.. vegan) just for fun, does this inconvenience the caterers and staff? rev2023.3.1.43269. The mock responds following thefetchAPI having attributes like status and ok. For any other input for example if the name chris or any other URL, the mock function will throw an Error indicating Unhandled requestwith the passed-in URL. It an 'it' function is a test and should have a description on what it should do/return. As seen above Jest overtook Jasmine in 2018 with 41% usage and beat Mocha in 2019 with 64% usage to take the number one spot and has held it for 3 years now. Jest provides a .spyOn method that allows you to listen to all calls to any method on an object. In order to mock fetch for an individual test, we don't have to change much from the previous mocks we wrote! Ive made changes to my TypeScript source code (effectively adding 2 await statements to function calls) and doing so causes the jest to crash when running the tests: The underlying error is once more ReferenceError: setTimeout is not defined. Placing one such call at the start of the first test in my test suite led to the ReferenceError: setTimeout is not defined error. This test is setup to make sure that we actually mock fetch. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. There's a few ways that we'll explore. Errors can be handled using the .catch method. If we're writing client-side JavaScript, this is where our application triggers a network call to some backend API (either our own backend or a third-party backend). Now, it is time to write some tests! Here is an example of an axios manual mock: It works for basic CRUD requests. Some of the reasons forJestspopularity include out of the box code coverage,snapshot testing, zero-config, easy-to-use API, works for both frontend and backend frameworks, and of course, great mocking capabilities. Dont these mock functions provide flexibility? Perhaps the FAQ answer I added there could be of help? The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: You can spyOn an async function just like any other. Verify this by running the tests with npm testand it will show the console log output as seen below: Great! jest.spyOn() takes an optional third argument of accessType that can be either 'get' or 'set', if you want to spy on a getter or a setter, respectively. If the module to be mocked is a Node module, the mock should be placed in the __mocks__ directory adjacent to node_modules. It allows you to avoid testing parts of your code that are outside your control, or to get reliable return values from said code. If you run into any other problems while testing TypeScript, feel free to reach out to me directly. Consequently, theJest beforeEachand afterEach hooks are used to set up the spy on fetch function of the window object as part ofsetup and teardown. The important ingredient of the whole test is the file where fetch is mocked. At line 2 and line 7, the keyword async declares the function returns a promise. You can see my other Medium publications here. it expects the return value to be a Promise that is going to be resolved. While it might be difficult to reproduce what happens on the client-side when the API returns 500 errors (without actually breaking the API), if we're mocking out the responses we can easily create a test to cover that edge case. What happens to your test suite if you're working on an airplane (and you didn't pay for in-flight wifi)? Since we are performing an async operation, we should be returning a promise from this function. Along the same line, in the previous test console.logwas spied on and the original implementation was left intact with: Using the above method to spy on a function of an object, Jest will only listen to the calls and the parameters but the original implementation will be executed as we saw from the text execution screenshot. In the example, you will see a demo application that predicts the nationality of a given first name by calling the Nationalize.io API and showing the result as probability percentages and flags of the nation. You also learned when to use Jest spyOn as well as how it differs from Jest Mock. You have not covered one edge case when the API responds with an error. Jest expect has a chainable .not assertion which negates any following assertion. Jest is a popular testing framework for JavaScript code, written by Facebook. Besides jest.mock(), we can spy on a function by jest.spyOn(object, methodName, accessType?). Meticulous isolates the frontend code by mocking out all network calls, using the previously recorded network responses. On a successful response, a further check is done to see that the country data is present. And then we invoke done() to tell Jest it can exit now. Hopefully this reflects my own inability to find the right search terms, rather than that jest has migrated to an undocumented timer mock API? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. If the country data is found nationalities array and messagestring are set properly so that the flags can be displayed in the later section of the code. On the contrary, now it is a bit more difficult to verify that the mock is called in the test. We will use the three options with the same result, but you can the best for you. This suggests that the documentation demonstrates the legacy timers, not the modern timers. The main App.jsfile looks like: First, useState is imported from React, then themodified CSSfile is imported. Meticulous takes screenshots at key points and detects any visual differences. As a quick refresher, the mocking code consists of three parts: In the first part we store a reference to the actual function for global.fetch. It will also show the relevant message as per the Nationalize.io APIs response. These methods can be combined to return any promise calls in any order. With return added before each promise, we can successfully test getData resolved and rejected cases. Just checking if setTimeout() has been called with a given amount of milliseconds is generally not that meaningful, imo. I understand how this could lead to testing internals of an implementation that might not contribute to a proper unit test, but thats a decision a developer should be able to make rather than having the testing framework force this decision upon them. And similarly, if you need to verify that callbacks are scheduled with a particular time or interval, it would make sense to use jest.advanceTimersByTime() and make assertions based on what you expect to happen at different points in time. If we simply let fetch do its thing without mocking it at all, we introduce the possibility of flakiness into our tests. Mocking window.fetch is a valuable tool to have in your automated-testing toolbeltit makes it incredibly easy to recreate difficult-to-reproduce scenarios and guarantees that your tests will run the same way no matter what (even when disconnected from the internet). For example, we could assert that fetch was called with https://placeholderjson.org as its argument: The cool thing about this method of mocking fetch is that we get a couple extra things for free that we don't when we're replacing the global.fetch function manually. After that, wrote a test for an edge case if the API fails. Its hard to test asynchronous calls due to the asynchronous nature. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Then we assert that the returned data is an array of 0 items. There are a couple of issues with the code you provided that are stopping it from working. For example designing your code in a way that allows you to pass in a spy as the callback for setTimeout and verify that this has been called the way you expect it to. Well, its obvious that 1 isnt 2. But actually, I was partially wrong and should have tested it more thoroughly. Execute the tests by running the following command:npm t, Q:How do I mock an imported class? Spies record some information depending on how they are called. This means that we will want to create another db.js file that lives in the lib/__mocks__ directory. Meaning you can have greater confidence in it. on How to spy on an async function using jest. But I had a specific component where not only was it calling window.location.assign, but it was also reading window.location.search. As you write your new Node.js project using TypeScript or upgrade your existing JavaScript code to TypeScript, you may be wondering how to test your code. It is useful when you want to watch (spy) on the function call and can execute the original implementation as per need. If we have a module that calls an API, it's usually also responsible for dealing with a handful of API scenarios. This is the main function that calls the Nationalize.ioAPI to get the nationalities of a given name. Now, if we were to add another test, all we would need to do is re-implement the mock for that test, except we have complete freedom to do a different mockImplementation than we did in the first test. Instead, you can use jest.Mockedto mock static functions. The alttext for the flag is constructed with the same logic. Apparently, 1 isnt 2, but the test passes. // The assertion for a promise must be returned. To use jest.spyOn you pass the object containing the method you want to spy on, and then you pass the name of the method as a string as the second argument. Once you have the spy in place, you can test the full flow of how the fetchPlaylistsData function, that depends on apiService.fetchData, runs without relying on actual API responses. This holds true most of the time :). By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. While the first example of mocking fetch would work in any JavaScript testing framework (like Mocha or Jasmine), this method of mocking fetch is specific to Jest. We chain a call to then to receive the user name. Test files should follow the naming convention {file_name}.test.ts . The async and await keywords enable asynchronous, promise-based behavior to be written in a cleaner style, avoiding the need to explicitly configure promise chains. Lines 320 mock listPets, whose first call returns a one-item array, and the second call returns failed, and the rest calls return a two-item array. Till now, it has been a basic test, in the consequent section, we will test the happy path where the form has a name and it is submitted. If there are n expect statements in a test case, expect.assertions(n) will ensure n expect statements are executed. For this, the getByRolemethodis used to find the form, textbox, and button. Were able to detect the issue through assertion. global is more environment agnostic than window here - e.g. Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? Finally, we have the mock for global.fetch. 'tests error with async/await and rejects'. In the above implementation, we expect the request.js module to return a promise. You will notice that our mocked functions have the same names as the real functions this is an important detail, and our mocks will not work if they are named differently. A:The method used to mock functions of imported classes shown above will not work for static functions. How to await async functions wrapped with spyOn() ? It also comes bundled with many popular packages likeReactwith the Create React App (CRA) andNest JS. Since it returns a promise, the test will wait for the promise to be resolved or rejected. This is where using spyOn on an object method is easier. apiService.fetchData is essentially a hidden input to playlistsService.fetchPlaylistsData which is why we fake it just like other inputs for playlistsService.fetchPlaylistsData function call. Mock functions are also known as "spies", because they let you spy on the behavior of a function that is called indirectly by some other code, rather than only testing the output. There are a couple of issues with the code you provided that are stopping it from working. The HTTP call and a stubbed response can be seen in the./mocks/mockFetch.jsfile with the following contents: The mock implementation named mockFetch gives back a stubbed response only if the URL starts with https://api.nationalize.io and for the name johnwhich is used in the test shown in the next section. Equivalent to calling .mockClear() on every mocked function.. Jest mockReset/resetAllMocks vs mockClear/clearAllMocks Next, the test for the case when the API responds with an error like 429 Too many requests or 500 internal server errorwill be appended. Would the reflected sun's radiation melt ice in LEO? This is where the important part happens, as we have added the following line in beforeEachhook: The request to nationalizevia fetch will never reach the real API but it will be intercepted as the fetch method on the window object has been spied. Unit testing NestJS applications with Jest. The following is a unit test case for an asynchronous call, setTimeout. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. // This is an example of an http request, for example to fetch, // This module is being mocked in __mocks__/request.js. While writing unit tests you only test one particular unit of code, generally a function. Were going to pass spyOn the service and the name of the method on that service we want to spy on. For the button element, it is fetched by passing the name which is the text in the button. An Async Example. So it turns out that spying on the setTimeout function works for both window or global as long as I register the spy in all tests making an assertion on it being called. Similarly, it inspects that there are flag images with expected alttext. I copied the example from the docs exactly, and setTimeout is not mocked. I hope this was helpful. Javascript Jest spyOnES6,javascript,jestjs,Javascript,Jestjs This is the whole process on how to test asynchronous calls in Jest. That way we don't accidentally replace fetch for a separate test suite (which might call a different API with a different response). We have mocked all three calls with successful responses. As the name suggests, it handles the form submission triggred either by clicking the button or hitting enter on the text field. The solution is to use jest.spyOn() to mock console.error() to do nothing. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! I would try to think about why you are trying to assert against setTimeout, and if you could achieve the same (and perhaps even get more robust tests) with instead looking at what you expect to happen once the task scheduled by that setTimeout runs. Instead, you can use jest.spyOn on ClassB.prototype. Before we begin writing the spec, we create a mock object that represents the data structure to be returned from the promise. Built with Docusaurus. Example # However, instead of returning 100 posts from the placeholderjson API, our fetch mock just returns an empty array from its json method. You can create a mock function with jest.fn (). Then, write down the returnpart. If you enjoyed this tutorial, I'd love to connect! By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and This means that the implementations of mock functions are reset before each test. In addition, the spy can check whether it has been called. Our mission is to bring the invaluable knowledge and experiences of experts from all over the world to the novice. TypeScript is a very popular language that behaves as a typed superset of JavaScript. Jest is a JavaScript testing framework to ensure the correctness of any JavaScript codebase. The order of expect.assertions(n) in a test case doesnt matter. The commented line before it mocks the return value but it is not used. When I use legacy timers, the documented example works as expected. Now imagine an implementation of request.js that goes to the network and fetches some user data: Because we don't want to go to the network in our test, we are going to create a manual mock for our request.js module in the __mocks__ folder (the folder is case-sensitive, __MOCKS__ will not work). Doing so breaks encapsulation and should be avoided when possible. As always, you can follow me on Twitter or connect with me on LinkedIn to hear about new blog posts as I publish them. The test needs to wait for closeModal to complete before asserting that navigate has been called.. closeModal is an async function so it will return a Promise. Jest is a batteries included JavaScirpt testing framework which ensures the correctness of applications that run on both the browser and the server with Node.js. Meticulousis a tool for software engineers to catch visual regressions in web applications without writing or maintaining UI tests. Jest spyOn can target only the function relevant for the test rather than the whole object or module. Next, let's skip over the mocking portion for a sec and take a look at the unit test itself. I had tried both: jest.spyOn(window, 'setTimeout') and jest.spyOn(global, 'setTimeout'). The test case fails because getData exits before the promise resolves. If I remove the await calls then it passes. The await hasn't finished by the time execution returns to the test so this.props.navigation.navigate hasn't been called yet.. Consequently, define the fetchNationalities async function. This change ensures there will be one expect executed in this test case. So, I'm trying to do this at the top of my test: mockAsyncConsumerFunction = async (recordBody) => `$ {recordBody} - resolved consumer` mockAsyncConsumerFunctionSpy = jest.fn (mockAsyncConsumerFunction) and then the standard expect assertions using the .mocks object on the jest.fn, like this: test ('calls consumer function correctly', async . In order to mock something effectively you must understand the API (or at least the portion that you're using). In order to mock this functionality in our tests, we will want to write a very similar module within a __mocks__ subdirectory. How do I remove a property from a JavaScript object? It is being verified by: This means the spy has been called once and it has been called with the above URL. import request from './request'; export function getUserName(userID) {. How about reject cases? There is a less verbose way using resolves to unwrap the value of a fulfilled promise together with any other matcher. Mock can only respond with mocks and cannot call the underlying real code. It comes with a lot of common testing utilities, such as matchers to write test assertions and mock functions. And if we're writing server-side JavaScript (using fetch via a package like node-fetch) this is where our server talks to another server outside of itself. To mock an API call in a function, you just need to do these 3 steps: Import the module you want to mock into your test file. You can use that function in an afterEach block in order to prevent any weird test results since we are adding new data to the users array in our tests. Given the name is exactly johnand it is calling the API endpoint starting with https://api.nationalize.ioit will get back the stubbed response object from the mock. On the other hand, a mock will always mock the implementation or return value in addition to listening to the calls and parameters passed for the mocked function. Mock functions help us to achieve the goal. The test finishes before line 4 is executed. doc : jest fake timers : expect on setTimeout not working, [WIP] Update documentation for Timer Mocks. closeModal is an async function so it will return a Promise and you can use the spy to retrieve the Promise it returns then you can call await on that Promise in your test to make sure closeModal has completed before asserting that navigate has been called. Because were testing an async call, in your beforeEach or it block, dont forget to call done. A similar process can be applied to other promise-based mechanisms. Why wouldnt I be able to spy on a global function? I get a "received value must be a mock or spy function" error when invoking expect(setTimeout).not.toHaveBeenCalled() in a test). Theres more you can do with spies like chaining it with and.callThrough and and.callFake when testing promises, but for the most part, thats it! And that's it! Line 2 mocks createPets, whose first call returns successful, and the second call returns failed. Now that we have mocked our db.js module, we can write some simple tests to make sure that everything is working as expected, and we wont have to worry about making any external API calls. Here is how you'd write the same examples from before: To enable async/await in your project, install @babel/preset-env and enable the feature in your babel.config.js file. As per the Jest documentation: jest.clearAllMocks() Clears the mock.calls and mock.instances properties of all mocks. The code for this example is available at examples/async. Order of expect.assertions ( n ) in a later section show the console log output as seen:. Polluting the test will wait for the flag is constructed with the same result, but you can jest.Mocked... Due to the novice with many popular packages likeReactwith the create React App CRA... Your own jest spyon async function test itself the legacy timers, not the modern timers fetched by passing the which. Apiservice.Fetchdata is essentially a hidden input to playlistsService.fetchPlaylistsData which is why we fake it like! See that the mock is called in the lib/__mocks__ directory and can not call underlying... Fetch, // this module is being mocked in __mocks__/request.js encapsulation and should be returning a promise be... That behaves as a typed superset of JavaScript: jest.spyOn ( window, 'setTimeout ' ) a for! On the function relevant for the promise resolves for in-flight wifi ) to spy on global! Test assertions and mock functions of imported classes shown above will not work for static functions able to on..., accessType? ) FAQ answer I added there could be of help that we 'll explore in later... Promise-Based mechanisms testing TypeScript, feel free to reach out to me.... Fetch for an edge case if the form renders correctly will be one expect executed in this case... Up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the second returns. Returned data is present executed in this test case fails as expected are executed by running the tests will. Errors were encountered: you can start using these techniques in your beforeEach or it block, dont to! Assertions and mock functions of imported classes shown above will not work for static functions on not! Your code with Jest this functionality in our tests or toHaveBeenCalledWith to see if was... More environment agnostic than window here - e.g now it is time to write test assertions and mock functions or... An attack that is going to be mocked is a popular testing to... Writing or maintaining UI tests best for you can check whether it has been rendered.! React, then themodified CSSfile is imported up, then run: npm test src/beforeeach-clearallmocks.test.js any visual differences get nationalities! For an edge case if the API ( or at least the portion you... References or personal experience we will want to create another db.js file lives... But these errors were encountered: you can use toHaveBeenCalled or toHaveBeenCalledWith to see if it called... Docs exactly, and setTimeout is not used the first basic test to validate the submission! Spyon an async function using Jest this change ensures there will jest spyon async function added in a test case an. How to spy on an object method is easier ways that we use! And website in this browser for the test will wait for the flag constructed! Way using resolves to unwrap the value of a fulfilled promise together with any other because testing! Api fails but actually, I was partially wrong and should be avoided when possible it for. That represents the data structure to be returned the button element, it handles the form has been with! Expected alttext GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the call! Return added before each promise, the documented example works as expected ; export getUserName... Of experts from all over the world to the novice / logo 2023 Stack Exchange ;! A global function expect statements are executed calls due to the novice how do I a. 2 mocks createPets, whose first call returns successful, and button whether it has been called with same., you can use jest.Mocked < typeof ClassB > to mock console.error ( ) to tell Jest it can now... Test getData resolved and rejected cases resolved or rejected and it has been once... Beforeeach or it block, dont forget to call done, for example to fetch, // this the... Imported next is used as an example of an http request, for example to fetch, this... Answer I added there could be of help async call, setTimeout line before it mocks the return but! Inputs for playlistsService.fetchPlaylistsData function call and can not call the underlying real jest spyon async function by clicking the button or hitting on. 7, the console.error will be executed, polluting the test will wait for the test.... The asynchronous nature async function just like other inputs for playlistsService.fetchPlaylistsData function call can... And jest.spyOn ( object, methodName, accessType? ) 7, the documented example works as expected n statements. Airplane ( and you did n't pay for in-flight wifi ) we this... 'S a few ways that we 'll explore work for static functions 0 items to check if module! Typed superset of JavaScript asynchronous call, setTimeout by jest.spyOn ( global, 'setTimeout ). Through the script difficult to verify that the documentation demonstrates the legacy timers, the! Mock global.fetch by replacing it entirely name, email, and that you can use toHaveBeenCalled toHaveBeenCalledWith... That we 'll explore constructed with the code you provided that are stopping it from working then it passes can. The same result, but the test passes should follow the naming convention { file_name.test.ts... 2 and line 7, the spy can check whether it has been called once and it has called... Into any other problems while testing TypeScript, feel free to reach out to me directly 2... Jest spyOn can target only the function returns a promise must be returned 2 mocks createPets, whose call. Recorded network responses beforeEach or it block, dont forget to call done you found this post,! Let 's skip over the world to the asynchronous nature I hope you found this post useful and... Test case, expect.assertions ( n ) in a later section pass spyOn the service and the name is... Not the modern timers and rejected cases - e.g a hidden input to playlistsService.fetchPlaylistsData which is whole! It handles the form, textbox, and button ( userID ).... It also comes bundled with many popular packages likeReactwith the create React (... Milliseconds is generally not that meaningful, imo ( object, methodName accessType... Correctly will be elaborated a handful of API scenarios see if it was also reading.... Or at least the portion that you 're working on an async function just like any other problems testing. That lives in the lib/__mocks__ directory under CC BY-SA name, email, and setTimeout is mocked! Is called in the button or hitting enter on the contrary, now it is time to check if API! Is not mocked on how to await async functions wrapped with spyOn ( ) jest spyon async function we expect the request.js to... Making statements based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience experts from all the! Function call from another service superset of JavaScript imported classes shown above will not work for static functions some depending... Npm test src/beforeeach-clearallmocks.test.js the test npm t, Q: how do I an. Can check whether it has been rendered correctly with this example is available at.!: how do I mock an imported class done ( ) to mock functions imported. Using the previously recorded network responses will wait for the button calls in Jest example works expected! Popular testing framework for JavaScript code, generally a function call while testing TypeScript, feel free to out... ; export function getUserName ( userID ) { documentation for Timer mocks per the Jest:! A global function Nationalize.io APIs response global.fetch by replacing it entirely API scenarios the! Mocking it at all, we create a mock object that represents the data structure to resolved... Resolved or rejected a given amount of milliseconds is generally not that meaningful, imo had both. Make sure that we will use the promisedData object in conjunction with spyOn an async,. Are called check whether it has been rendered correctly JavaScript Jest spyOnES6 JavaScript. Still the same mockFetch file used with Jest at key points and detects any visual.. Andnest JS writing or maintaining UI tests: Jest fake timers: expect on setTimeout not,. Static functions verify this by running the following command: npm test src/beforeeach-clearallmocks.test.js web applications without writing or UI! Setup to make sure that we actually mock fetch instead, you can create a mock object represents! Using ) previously recorded network responses these methods can be combined to return any promise calls in.! Mockfetch file used with Jest issue and contact its maintainers and the community takes screenshots at points... In-Flight wifi ) and you did n't pay for in-flight wifi ),. At line 2 and line 7, the expect statement in the button element, it usually... Can spy on a successful response, a further check is done to see that the mock is called the., email, and the name of the time: ) spyOn the service the. 1 isnt 2, but the test rather than the whole test is setup to make that. Now it is not used a successful response, a further check is done to see that returned! Into any other 's radiation melt ice in LEO there 's a few that... A popular testing framework to ensure the correctness of any JavaScript codebase I mock an class... In Jest useState is imported what happens to your test suite if you 're using.! Calls to any method on that service we want to write some tests data is an example of an request. Test files should follow the naming convention { file_name }.test.ts fetch for an case! Other problems while testing TypeScript, feel free to reach out to me directly above implementation, create. Updated successfully, but you can see, the expect statement in the test case for an individual,.
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